TSUNAMI
Tsunami (Japanese tsu = port, nami = wave, which literally means "big waves in the harbor") is the displacement of water bodies caused by changes in sea surface vertically with a sudden. Sea level changes can be caused by an earthquake centered under the sea, volcanic eruption under the sea, underwater landslides, or a meteor hit the ocean. Tsunami waves can travel in all directions. Energy contained in the tsunami wave is fixed to the height and kelajuannya function. In the deep ocean, tsunami waves can travel at the speed of 500-1000 km per hour. Equivalent to the speed of the aircraft. Wave height at sea in only about 1 meter. Thus, the wave speed is not felt by the ship which was in the middle of the sea. When they approached the shore, the tsunami wave velocity decreases to about 30 km per hour, but the height was increased to reach tens of meters. Tsunami waves can blow into to tens of kilometers of shoreline. Damage and casualties that could occur due to the tsunami resulting from the impact of water and materials carried by the flow of tsunami waves.
The negative impact caused by tsunamis are damaging anything in its path. Buildings, plants, and resulted in human casualties and causing puddles, salt water contamination of agricultural land, soil, and clean water.
The cause of the tsunami
Tsunamis can occur if an interruption occurs that causes large amounts of water displacement, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides or meteorite that fell to earth. However, 90% a tsunami is an earthquake under the sea. In recording sejearah tsunamis caused by some mountain erupts, such as the eruption of
Vertical movement of the earth's crust, can cause the sea floor to rise or fall unexpectedly, causing disruption in water balance on it. This flow of energy result in sea water, which when reached the beach into a big wave that resulted in the tsunami.
The speed of tsunami waves depends on the depth of the sea where the waves occurs, where the speed can reach hundreds of miles per hour. When the tsunami reaches the shore, its speed will be less than 50 km / h and its energy is very damaging coastal areas in its path. In the middle of a tsunami wave height sea only a few centimeters to several meters, but when it reaches shore wave height can reach tens of meters due to accumulation of water. When the tsunami reached the coast of the mainland will crawl away from the coastline with a range of several hundred meters to several kilometers even.
This vertical motion can occur on the earth fault or a fault. The earthquake also occurred in the subduction area, where the ocean plate down menelusup continental plates.
Landslides on the ocean floor and volcanic debris can also cause problems that seawater can produce tsunamis. The earthquake caused perpendicular movement of the earth layer. As a result, the sea rose and fell all of a sudden that the water balance in the upper disrupted. Similarly, the cosmic objects or meteor that fell from above. If the size of a meteor or landslide is big enough, which can occur megatsunami high as hundreds of meters. ws that megatsunami possible, which caused some islands to sink
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